Dashboard
Solar panels, electric cars, copper, nickel and lithium are important commodity flows
for the green transition. The figure shows the Netherlands’ dependence on China, Germany
and Russia, among others, in terms of these products and raw materials.
D
u
t
ch
i
m
p
o
r
t
s
o
f
l
a
rg
e
g
oo
d
s
fl
o
w
s
f
o
r t
h
e g
r
e
e
n t
r
a
n
s
i
t
i
o
n
,
e
x
cl.
qu
a
si-t
r
a
n
s
i
t t
r
ad
e
i
n 2022*
C
h
a
p
t
er 2
€0.2
b
n
Nickel
€0.1
b
n
Sili
c
on
No
r
wa
y
€0.4
b
n
Nickel
A
ust
r
alia
€0.6
b
n
C
opper
€0.3
b
n
Nickel
Russia
€3.1
b
n
Solar panels
€1.0
b
n
Lithium-ion batteries
China
€0.2
b
n
C
opper
€0.2
b
n
Lithium
Chile
€1.6
b
n
Biofuels
€1.9
b
n
Electric ca
r
s
Germa
n
y
Refined petroleum products, mobile phones, modems and routers and (chip) machines
are three major export categories. Among imports, crude oil, refined petroleum products
and mobile phones, modems and routers are the three main export categories. The infographic
shows with which countries the Netherlands mainly trades these products.
T
r
ad
ed
g
oo
d
s a
n
d
t
o
p t
r
a
d
i
n
g
p
art
n
e
r
s (2022*)
Exp
o
r
t
s
1)
I
m
p
o
r
t
s
2)
€80.3
b
n
€23.6
b
n
€5
7
.0
b
n
€38.0
b
n
€28.7
b
n
R
e
fi
n
ed p
e
t
r
ol
e
u
m
p
r
o
d
u
ct
s
Cr
ud
e
o
il
M
a
ch
i
n
ery
(
i
n
cl. m
i
c
r
och
i
p
m
a
ch
i
n
e
s)
M
o
b
i
l
e
p
h
o
n
e
s
,
m
o
d
e
m
s
,
r
o
u
t
e
r
s
Nigeria
7%
Belgium
14%
UK
6%
US
6%
Russia
18%
Saudi A
r
abia
9%
US
14%
No
r
wa
y
11%
UK
10%
Other
Russia
8%
Germa
n
y
11%
Belgium
23%
US
6%
Czechia
9%
China
32%
Hong
K
ong
6%
Vietnam
6%
Other
South
K
o
r
e
a
23%
T
ai
w
an
37%
China
10%
US
10%
€25.0
b
n
F
r
an
c
e
10%
Germa
n
y
2
4%
UK
8%
Ita
l
y
6%
Germa
n
y
19%
Belgium
6%
Germa
n
y
3%
Other
Other
Other
Other
C
h
a
p
t
er 3
1)
In terms of
v
alue
,
natu
r
al gas
w
as the se
c
ond most
e
xpo
r
ted p
r
oduct
f
or the Netherlands in 2022 (€44.9bn)
.
2)
In terms of
v
alue
,
natu
r
al gas
w
as the main impo
r
t p
r
oduct
f
or the Netherlands in 2022 (€57.3bn)
.
3)
F
or
c
onfidentiality
r
e
asons
,
on
l
y the th
r
ee main t
r
ading pa
r
tne
r
s can be sh
o
wn he
r
e
.
F
or
c
onfidentiality
r
e
asons
,
the b
r
e
a
k
d
o
wn per t
r
ading pa
r
tner cannot be sh
o
wn he
r
e
.
F
or
c
onfidentiality
r
e
asons
,
the b
r
e
a
k
d
o
wn per t
r
ading pa
r
tner cannot be sh
o
wn he
r
e
.
Business services, transport services and intellectual property rights are the three
most important imported and exported services. The infographic shows with which countries
the Netherlands mainly trades these services.
T
r
ad
ed
s
erv
ic
e
s a
n
d
t
o
p t
r
a
d
i
n
g
p
art
n
e
r
s (2022*)
Exp
o
r
t
s
I
m
p
o
r
t
s
€78.3
b
n
€60.6
b
n
€36.6
b
n
€8
7
.9
b
n
€48.3
b
n
€36.0
b
n
B
u
s
i
n
e
s
s
s
erv
ic
e
s
B
u
s
i
n
e
s
s
s
erv
ic
e
s
T
r
a
n
s
p
o
rt
s
erv
ic
e
s
I
n
t
e
l
l
e
c
t
u
al
p
r
o
perty
I
n
t
e
l
l
e
c
t
u
al
p
r
o
perty
Germa
n
y
12%
US
16%
Other
Other
Other
Other
Other
UK
13%
F
r
an
c
e
6%
Germa
n
y
12%
UK
16%
US
15%
I
r
eland
9%
F
r
an
c
e
7%
Germa
n
y
16%
US
11%
UK
12%
S
witzerland
6%
Belgium
7%
Germa
n
y
13%
Belgium
10%
UK
7%
F
r
an
c
e
12%
P
oland
6%
US
61%
Bermuda
2%
Germa
n
y
4%
I
r
eland
19%
UK
5%
Germa
n
y
7%
Other
UK
10%
S
witzerland
14%
T
r
a
n
s
p
o
rt
s
erv
ic
e
s
I
r
eland
6%
C
h
a
p
t
er 4
I
r
eland
21%
F
r
an
c
e
5%
The US, the UK, Germany and Luxembourg were the largest investors in the Netherlands
in 2022, after adjusting for SPEs. Dutch investments came mainly from the UK, the
US, Switzerland and Germany in 2022.
21.2%
19.9%
10.7%
14.4%
11.1%
9.7%
7.2%
International investments
Source: DNB
7.1%
Top 4 partner countries in inward FDI (excl. SPEs), 2022 positions
Top 4 partner countries in outward FDI (excl. SPEs), 2022 positions
United States
United Kingdom
Germany
Luxembourg
United Kingdom
United States
Germany
Switzerland
C
h
a
p
t
er 5
Exports earned the Netherlands 279 billion euros and 2.4 million full-time jobs in 2021.
Domestic
goods
exports
€138bn
indirect
jobs due
to exports
1.3
million
direct
jobs due
to exports
1.0
million
Service exports
€106bn
Re-exports
€36bn
Dutch export earnings and export-induced employment (2021*)
Total
€279bn
1)
Total
2.4 mln
1)
FTE
C
h
a
p
t
er 6
1)
Figures do not add up to total due to rounding
42% of the imports needed by the Netherlands in producing its exports came from the
EU-27 in 2021. 46% of these exports go to the EU-27.
from EU-27
42%
from the Americas
14%
from Asia
10%
from other countries
34%
Processing in
the Netherlands
into goods and
services
Exporting to
the rest of
the world
to EU-27
46%
to the Americas
10%
to Asia
13%
to other countries
31%
Processing in
the Netherlands
into goods and
services
Importing from
the rest of
the world
Or
i
g
i
n a
n
d
d
e
s
t
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
i
m
p
o
r
t
s
u
s
ed
i
n D
u
t
ch
e
xp
o
rt
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n (2021)
C
h
a
p
t
er 7
